Integrand size = 24, antiderivative size = 173 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (-2+3 x^2\right ) \left (-1+3 x^2\right )^{3/4}} \, dx=-\frac {1}{2} \arctan \left (\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )+\frac {\arctan \left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {\arctan \left (1+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {1}{2} \text {arctanh}\left (\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )+\frac {\log \left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}+\sqrt {-1+3 x^2}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {\log \left (1+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}+\sqrt {-1+3 x^2}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2}} \]
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Time = 0.10 (sec) , antiderivative size = 173, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 16, number of rules used = 12, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.500, Rules used = {457, 88, 65, 217, 1179, 642, 1176, 631, 210, 218, 212, 209} \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (-2+3 x^2\right ) \left (-1+3 x^2\right )^{3/4}} \, dx=-\frac {1}{2} \arctan \left (\sqrt [4]{3 x^2-1}\right )+\frac {\arctan \left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{3 x^2-1}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {\arctan \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{3 x^2-1}+1\right )}{2 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {1}{2} \text {arctanh}\left (\sqrt [4]{3 x^2-1}\right )+\frac {\log \left (\sqrt {3 x^2-1}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{3 x^2-1}+1\right )}{4 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt {3 x^2-1}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{3 x^2-1}+1\right )}{4 \sqrt {2}} \]
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Rule 65
Rule 88
Rule 209
Rule 210
Rule 212
Rule 217
Rule 218
Rule 457
Rule 631
Rule 642
Rule 1176
Rule 1179
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x (-2+3 x) (-1+3 x)^{3/4}} \, dx,x,x^2\right ) \\ & = -\left (\frac {1}{4} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{x (-1+3 x)^{3/4}} \, dx,x,x^2\right )\right )+\frac {3}{4} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{(-2+3 x) (-1+3 x)^{3/4}} \, dx,x,x^2\right ) \\ & = -\left (\frac {1}{3} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\frac {1}{3}+\frac {x^4}{3}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )\right )+\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1+x^4} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right ) \\ & = -\left (\frac {1}{6} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1-x^2}{\frac {1}{3}+\frac {x^4}{3}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )\right )-\frac {1}{6} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1+x^2}{\frac {1}{3}+\frac {x^4}{3}} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )-\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )-\frac {1}{2} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right ) \\ & = -\frac {1}{2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )-\frac {1}{2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )-\frac {1}{4} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1-\sqrt {2} x+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )-\frac {1}{4} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{1+\sqrt {2} x+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2}+2 x}{-1-\sqrt {2} x-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2}}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt {2}-2 x}{-1+\sqrt {2} x-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2}} \\ & = -\frac {1}{2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )-\frac {1}{2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )+\frac {\log \left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}+\sqrt {-1+3 x^2}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {\log \left (1+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}+\sqrt {-1+3 x^2}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2}}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2}} \\ & = -\frac {1}{2} \tan ^{-1}\left (\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )+\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {\tan ^{-1}\left (1+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {1}{2} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )+\frac {\log \left (1-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}+\sqrt {-1+3 x^2}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2}}-\frac {\log \left (1+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}+\sqrt {-1+3 x^2}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.13 (sec) , antiderivative size = 111, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.64 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (-2+3 x^2\right ) \left (-1+3 x^2\right )^{3/4}} \, dx=\frac {1}{4} \left (-2 \arctan \left (\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )-\sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {-1+\sqrt {-1+3 x^2}}{\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}}\right )-2 \text {arctanh}\left (\sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}\right )-\sqrt {2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [4]{-1+3 x^2}}{1+\sqrt {-1+3 x^2}}\right )\right ) \]
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Time = 3.88 (sec) , antiderivative size = 146, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.84
method | result | size |
pseudoelliptic | \(\frac {\ln \left (-1+\left (3 x^{2}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{4}-\frac {\ln \left (\frac {-\left (3 x^{2}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}-\sqrt {3 x^{2}-1}-1}{\left (3 x^{2}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}-\sqrt {3 x^{2}-1}-1}\right ) \sqrt {2}}{8}-\frac {\arctan \left (1+\left (3 x^{2}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}\right ) \sqrt {2}}{4}-\frac {\arctan \left (-1+\left (3 x^{2}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}} \sqrt {2}\right ) \sqrt {2}}{4}-\frac {\ln \left (1+\left (3 x^{2}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{4}-\frac {\arctan \left (\left (3 x^{2}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{2}\) | \(146\) |
trager | \(-\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}+1\right )^{3} \ln \left (-\frac {2 \sqrt {3 x^{2}-1}\, \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}+1\right )^{3}-2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}+1\right )^{2} \left (3 x^{2}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}-3 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}+1\right ) x^{2}+2 \left (3 x^{2}-1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}}+2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}+1\right )}{x^{2}}\right )}{4}+\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}+1\right ) \ln \left (-\frac {3 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}+1\right )^{3} x^{2}-2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}+1\right )^{3}+2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}+1\right )^{2} \left (3 x^{2}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}-2 \sqrt {3 x^{2}-1}\, \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}+1\right )+2 \left (3 x^{2}-1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}}}{x^{2}}\right )}{4}-\frac {\ln \left (-\frac {2 \left (3 x^{2}-1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}}+2 \sqrt {3 x^{2}-1}+3 x^{2}+2 \left (3 x^{2}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{3 x^{2}-2}\right )}{4}+\frac {\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}+1\right )^{2} \ln \left (\frac {2 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}+1\right )^{2} \sqrt {3 x^{2}-1}-3 \operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{4}+1\right )^{2} x^{2}-2 \left (3 x^{2}-1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}}+2 \left (3 x^{2}-1\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}}{3 x^{2}-2}\right )}{4}\) | \(301\) |
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 133, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.77 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (-2+3 x^2\right ) \left (-1+3 x^2\right )^{3/4}} \, dx=-\left (\frac {1}{8} i + \frac {1}{8}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (\left (i + 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} + 2 \, {\left (3 \, x^{2} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right ) + \left (\frac {1}{8} i - \frac {1}{8}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (-\left (i - 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} + 2 \, {\left (3 \, x^{2} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right ) - \left (\frac {1}{8} i - \frac {1}{8}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (\left (i - 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} + 2 \, {\left (3 \, x^{2} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right ) + \left (\frac {1}{8} i + \frac {1}{8}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (-\left (i + 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} + 2 \, {\left (3 \, x^{2} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right ) - \frac {1}{2} \, \arctan \left ({\left (3 \, x^{2} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \log \left ({\left (3 \, x^{2} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + 1\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \, \log \left ({\left (3 \, x^{2} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} - 1\right ) \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (-2+3 x^2\right ) \left (-1+3 x^2\right )^{3/4}} \, dx=\int \frac {1}{x \left (3 x^{2} - 2\right ) \left (3 x^{2} - 1\right )^{\frac {3}{4}}}\, dx \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (-2+3 x^2\right ) \left (-1+3 x^2\right )^{3/4}} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (3 \, x^{2} - 1\right )}^{\frac {3}{4}} {\left (3 \, x^{2} - 2\right )} x} \,d x } \]
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Time = 0.37 (sec) , antiderivative size = 155, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.90 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (-2+3 x^2\right ) \left (-1+3 x^2\right )^{3/4}} \, dx=-\frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {2} \arctan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} + 2 \, {\left (3 \, x^{2} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \sqrt {2} \arctan \left (-\frac {1}{2} \, \sqrt {2} {\left (\sqrt {2} - 2 \, {\left (3 \, x^{2} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}\right ) - \frac {1}{8} \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (\sqrt {2} {\left (3 \, x^{2} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {3 \, x^{2} - 1} + 1\right ) + \frac {1}{8} \, \sqrt {2} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} {\left (3 \, x^{2} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + \sqrt {3 \, x^{2} - 1} + 1\right ) - \frac {1}{2} \, \arctan \left ({\left (3 \, x^{2} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}}\right ) - \frac {1}{4} \, \log \left ({\left (3 \, x^{2} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} + 1\right ) + \frac {1}{4} \, \log \left ({\left | {\left (3 \, x^{2} - 1\right )}^{\frac {1}{4}} - 1 \right |}\right ) \]
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Time = 5.37 (sec) , antiderivative size = 77, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.45 \[ \int \frac {1}{x \left (-2+3 x^2\right ) \left (-1+3 x^2\right )^{3/4}} \, dx=-\frac {\mathrm {atan}\left ({\left (3\,x^2-1\right )}^{1/4}\right )}{2}+\frac {\mathrm {atan}\left ({\left (3\,x^2-1\right )}^{1/4}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2}+\sqrt {2}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\sqrt {2}\,{\left (3\,x^2-1\right )}^{1/4}\,\left (\frac {1}{2}-\frac {1}{2}{}\mathrm {i}\right )\right )\,\left (-\frac {1}{4}-\frac {1}{4}{}\mathrm {i}\right )+\sqrt {2}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\sqrt {2}\,{\left (3\,x^2-1\right )}^{1/4}\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {1}{2}{}\mathrm {i}\right )\right )\,\left (-\frac {1}{4}+\frac {1}{4}{}\mathrm {i}\right ) \]
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